Governments need to rein in increasingly capable AI agents before their risks are fully understood, a United Nations scientific panel warned in the global organization’s first major assessment of OpenAI’s hack of Hugging Face earlier this year.

The report cements AI’s place on the global diplomatic agenda this week as leaders gather in New York for the UN General Assembly and the US and China hold talks on AI. Last week, UN secretary general António Guterres called on governments to cooperate on addressing the threats posed by AI, warning that “the world cannot afford a race to the bottom on AI safety.”

It is the first thematic brief from the Independent International Scientific Panel on AI, established last year as the UN’s “first global scientific body on Artificial Intelligence.” It calls for much greater attention and resources to manage emerging risks from advanced AI, alongside stronger international coordination on safety and accountability, even as individual countries take different legal approaches.

Crucially, the panel says the world does not need to wait for scientists to establish exactly how or why such incidents occur to begin implementing stronger safeguards. Loss-of-control risk, the panel argues, is exactly the kind of problem the precautionary principle was designed to address: “one where potential harm may be catastrophic or irreversible, even as its likelihood remains scientifically uncertain.”

The principle, first enshrined in the 1992 UN Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, says that scientific uncertainty is no excuse for delaying measures against potentially serious or irreversible harm. It has since become influential in environmental and public health policy, particularly in the European Union.