Judge Breyer writes that X’s “motivation in bringing this case is evident,” stating that the company’s goal is to “punish CCDH for CCDH publications that criticized X Corp. — and perhaps in order to dissuade others” from criticizing X in the future. “If CCDH’s publications were defamatory, that would be one thing, but X Corp. has carefully avoided saying that they are,” the filing reads.

Musk’s X sued the CCDH in July 2023 over claims the organization “embarked on a scare campaign” to drive advertisers away from the platform, resulting in the loss of “tens of millions of dollars” in ad revenue. The lawsuit also alleged the CCDH breached X’s terms of service by “unlawfully” scraping data from the platform to create “unsubstantiated and incorrect” reports.

However, Judge Breyer dismissed X’s claims of a breach of contract, along with the lawsuit’s allegations that the CCDH violated the law by “scraping” data from X to perform research. The dismissal says X failed to “adequately allege loss.”

“We hope this landmark ruling will embolden public-interest researchers everywhere to continue, and even intensify, their vital work of holding social media companies accountable for the hate and disinformation they host and the harm they cause,” CCDH CEO Imran Ahmed says in a statement published on the organization’s website.