Facebook announced the removal of two separate networks that used fake identities to promote government propaganda.

The first network was located in China. While it targeted the US, its primary focus was the Philippines and countries in Southeast Asia. This is the second time Facebook removed Pages associated with this campaign, the company said, and this time the people running it used a VPN to try to hide their identities.

“Although the people behind this activity attempted to conceal their identities and coordination, our investigation found links to individuals in the Fujian province of China,” Facebook said in a statement announcing the takedown.

The propaganda operation consisted of Pages and Instagram accounts, but its primary focus was running fake identities on Facebook which were used to amplify content. People running profiles “posed as locals,” the release said.

The network targeted the US, but that wasn’t its primary focus. Accounts posted about Democratic presidential candidates Joe Biden and Pete Buttigieg and as well as President Donald Trump, both in support and opposition.

The fake accounts were also used to “like and comment on other people’s posts, particularly about naval activity in the South China Sea, including US Navy ships.”

Naval activity was also the focus of the network targeting people in Southeast Asia, along with posts supporting Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte.

Overall, the network affected about 194,000 people and spent $60 on ads using Chinese yuan. Six Instagram accounts, nine groups, and 115 Facebook accounts were removed.

The second network removed by Facebook originated in and targeted the Philippines. It consisted of 31 pages, 57 Facebook accounts, and 20 Instagram accounts.

Facebook investigated the propaganda network after being alerted to it by Rappler, an independent news organization in the country that Duterte has targeted. The propaganda network supported the Philippine president and posted on a variety of political topics, accelerating its activity between 2019 and 2020.

“Although the people behind this activity attempted to conceal their identities, our investigation found links to Philippine military and Philippine police,” the Facebook announcement said.

Those entities spent $1,100 on advertising on the platform.