All US federal agencies will now be required to have a senior leader overseeing all AI systems they use, as the government wants to ensure that AI use in the public service remains safe.

Vice President Kamala Harris announced the new OMB guidance in a briefing with reporters and said that agencies must also establish AI governance boards to coordinate how AI is used within the agency. Agencies will also have to submit an annual report to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) listing all AI systems they use, any risks associated with these, and how they plan on mitigating these risks.

“We have directed all federal agencies to designate a chief AI officer with the experience, expertise, and authority to oversee all AI technologies used by that agency, and this is to make sure that AI is used responsibly, understanding that we must have senior leaders across our government, who are specifically tasked with overseeing AI adoption and use,” Harris told reporters.

The chief AI officer does not necessarily have to be a political appointee, though it depends on the federal agency’s structure. Governance boards must be created by the summer.

This guidance expands on previously announced policies outlined in the Biden Administration’s AI executive order, which required federal offices to create safety standards and increase the number of AI talent working in government.

Some agencies began hiring chief AI officers even before today’s announcement. The Department of Justice announced Jonathan Mayer as its first CAIO in February. He will lead a team of cybersecurity experts in figuring out how to use AI in law enforcement. 

The US government plans to hire 100 AI professionals by the summer, according to OMB chair Shalanda Young.

Part of the responsibility of agencies’ AI officers and governance committees is to monitor their AI systems frequently. Young said agencies must submit an inventory of AI products an agency uses. If any AI systems are considered “sensitive” enough to leave off the list, the agency must publicly provide a reason for its exclusion. Agencies also have to independently evaluate the safety risk of each AI platform it uses.

Federal agencies also have to verify any AI they deploy meets safeguards that “mitigate the risks of algorithmic discrimination and provide the public with transparency into how the government uses AI.” The OMB’s fact sheet gives several examples, including:

When at the airport, travelers will have the ability to opt out from the use of TSA facial recognition without any delay or losing their place in line.

When AI is used in the Federal healthcare system to support critical diagnostic decisions, a human being is overseeing the process to verify the tools’ results and avoids disparities in healthcare access.

When AI is used to detect fraud in government services there is human oversight of impactful decisions and affected individuals have the opportunity to seek remedy for AI harms.

“If an agency cannot apply these safeguards, the agency must cease using the AI system, unless agency leadership justifies why doing so would increase risks to safety or rights overall or would create an unacceptable impediment to critical agency operations,” the fact sheet reads.

Under the new guidance, any government-owned AI models, code, and data should be released to the public unless they pose a risk to government operations. 

The United States still does not have laws regulating AI. The AI executive order provides guidelines for government agencies under the executive branch on how to approach the technology. While several bills have been filed regulating some aspects of AI, there hasn’t been much movement on legislating AI technologies.